Weak and Strong Computational Creativity

In the spirit of Searle’s definition of weak and strong artificial intelligence, this paper presents a discussion on weak computational creativity in swarm intelligence systems. It addresses the concepts of freedom and constraint and their impact on the creativity of the underlying systems. An analogy is drawn on mapping these two ‘prerequisites’ of creativity onto the two well-known phases of exploration and exploitation in swarm intelligence algorithms, followed by the visualisation of the behaviour of the swarms whose performance are evaluated in the context of arguments presented. The paper also discusses that the strong computational creativity is presented in ways emphasising that genuine creativity implies ‘genuine understanding’ and other cognitive states, along with autonomy—asserting that without ‘Strong Embodiment’, computational systems are not genuinely autonomous.